SEO TIPS AND PHP INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

PHP FUNCTIONS

2010-11-06T10:26:00.000-07:00

PHP FUNCTIONS

A function will be executed by a call to the function.
You may call a function from anywhere within a page.

CREATE A PHP FUNCTIONS

A function will be executed by a call to the function.
Syntax

function functionName()
{
code to be executed;
}
Example

A simple function that writes my name when it is called:

function writeName()
{
echo "kem john Refsnes";
}

echo "My name is ";
writeName();

OUTPUT:

My name is Kem john

PHP FUNCTIONS - ADDING PARAMETERS

To add more functionality to a function, we can add parameters. A parameter is just like a variable.Parameters are specified after the function name, inside the parentheses.
Example:

The following example will write different first names, but equal last name:

function writeName($fname)
{
echo $fname . " Refsnes";
}
echo "My name is ";
writeName("John");
echo "My sister's name is ";
writeName("Alba");
echo "My brother's name is ";
writeName("Kem");

OUTPUT:
My name is John Refsnes.
My sister's name is Alba Refsnes.
My brother's name is Kem Refsnes.

PHP FUNCTIONS - RETURN VALUES

To let a function return a value, use the return statement.

Example
function add($a,$b)
{
$totalvalue=$a+$b;
return $totalvalue;
}

echo "4 + 22 = " . add(4,22);
Output:
4 + 22 = 26

PHP IF....ELSE STATEMENTS

2010-11-06T01:58:00.000-07:00

The if Statement

Use the if statement to execute some code only if a specified condition is true.
Syntax
if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;

The following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday:

$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri") echo "Have a nice weekend!";

The if...else Statement

Use the if....else statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if a condition is false.
Syntax

if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
else
code to be executed if condition is false;

Example

The following example will output "How do you do!" if the current day is Friday, otherwise it will output "How do you do!":

$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
echo "How do you do!";
else
echo "How do you do!";

If more than one line should be executed if a condition is true/false, the lines should be enclosed within curly braces:

$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
{
echo "Hi!";
echo "How do you do!";
echo "What r u doing!";
}

The if...elseif....else Statement

Use the if....elseif...else statement to select one of several blocks of code to be executed.
Syntax
if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
elseif (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
else
code to be executed if condition is false;

Example

$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
elseif ($d=="Sun")
echo "Have a nice Sunday!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";

PHP MYSQL DATABASE

2010-11-04T01:38:00.000-07:00

1. MYSQL QUERY OF PHP

INSERT QUERY:

"Insert into Table_Name ( field1, field2,...fieldN )
VALUES
( value1, value2,...valueN )";

Example:
"INSERT INTO info_tb (name, address, phone) VALUES ('Rakesh', 'Kestopur', '9681212112')";

SELECT QUERY:

"select * from table_name";

Example:
"select * from info_tb";
Where info_tb is table name.

UPDATE QUERY:

"update table_name set field1=new-value1, field2=new-value2
[WHERE Clause]";

Example:
"update info_tb set name='$a',addr='$b',phone='$c'where id='$x'";

DELETE QUERY:

"Delete from table_name where (condition)";

Example:
"Delete * from Emp_tb Where e_name = "john"";

Where Emp_tb is table name.

DELETE TABLE QUERY:

"DROP TABLE emp_data";

SEO TIPS AND TRICKS FOR WEBSITES AND BLOG

2010-11-01T15:14:00.000-07:00

1. Should be unique content not duplicate content in website or blog.You need to provide content that has different information than what is on other sites and other Web pages.

2. The primary thing you should do when working on search engine optimization is find a great keyword phrase for that page.

3. Keyword density should be between 3 and 7% for your primary keyword phrase and 1-2% for any secondary keywords or keyword phrases.

4. (H1,H2,H3 etc.) is headline tags. This tak should be used in the all pages of website because at first search engine catch of headline tag.

5. Its necessary condition for website:
a) Shold be title of page.
b) Should be META Description Tag.
c) Should be META Keywords Tag.
d) Should be META Robots Tag.
e) Should be META Author Tag.

6. Create a sitemap (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Search engines love sitemaps - not necessarily for ranking, but for finding links on your site.It's not critical that you create an XML sitemap or Google sitemap, plain HTML sitemaps work just as well.

7. Add new content all the time (HIGH PRIORITY)
Sites that have new content added on a regular basis are seen as more reliable than sites that rarely do.This also helps you to increase the amount of relevant content on your site, which also improves your rankings.

8. Use strong and em where appropriate to make your keyword phrases stand out.Search engines can read those tags, and will recognize that text that is emphasized is often more important than the surrounding text.

9. As long as your scripts are valid and don't break your HTML, most search engines will ignore them. But don't rely on JavaScript to improve your rankings - most search engines ignore content inside JavaScript.

10. In most text that is available on a website or blog, more information than a search engine can select from a Website.This has a positive effect of the website.

QUESTION OF BANK ACCOUNTS WTH ANSWER

2010-08-20T02:08:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is debit and credit from the banks point of view?
ANSWER:
debit balance of our books of a/c will be the credit balance of bank a/c. and the credit balance of our books of a/c will be debit balance in the books of a/c of bank.

Q.2 What is difference between consiner and consinee?
ANSWER:
Consigner is the person who is the owner of the goods and who deliver the goods to the consignee.

Consignee is the person who receives the goods and he just possesses the goods and not the owner.

Q.3 What step would you take before approving an invoice for payment?
ANSWER:
Before hand over the invoice or dispatch the materials
1. we have to receive perchase order from the customer
2. Then PDC cheque, cash or current dated chq for dispatch the materials
3. have to take signature from the customer for the proof of goods recieve

Q.4 What is the full form of SOX in accounts?
ANSWER:
Sarbanes Oxley

Q.5 Explain about accounts payable?
ANSWER:
Accounts payable is a file or account that contains money that a person or company owes to suppliers, but has not paid yet (a form of debt). When you receive an invoice you add it to the file, and then you remove it when you pay. Thus, the A/P is a form of credit that suppliers offer to their purchasers by allowing them to pay for a product or service after it has already been received.

Q.6 What is difference between debenture and perference share?
ANSWER:
When the capital of the company is not sufficient to carry on business the company raise loan by issuing what is known as debenture debenture holder money treated as a loan whereas preference shareholder money treated as a capital of the company. Debenture holder is not a properitor of the company in the contest preference share holder is a properitor of the company. Preference share holder has a right to get bonus or dividend from the company but debenture holder has no right to get dividend.

TYPE OF PERFORMANCE TESTING

2010-08-19T14:46:00.000-07:00

Q.1 Type of performance testing?

ANSWER: Performance testing can be categorized as follows

1. Benchmark Testing: It is a kind of performance testing that compares the performances of new target of test to existing s/w.It provides performance camparison for s/w, h/w and systems. It is used to understand that how a new product will withstand in the competitive environment.

2. Contention Testing: This test, a test that does a system can handle multiple demands of clients on the same resource. A resource could be data records,memory or something else which could be accessed by clients.
Example:
a: Only a single thread on a single process.
b: Multiple processes
c: Multiple processes, each with multiple threads

3. Performance Profiling: This is the kind of performance testing that verifies that a system must perform correctly under different configuration while the operational conditions such as number of users,number of transaction remain constant.

4. Load Testing: Load testing means at a time giving more load by the expectation and checking the performance at that level

5. Stress Testing: Stress testing means increasing the load and checking the performance at each level.

6. Volume Testing: Volume testing means testing the software with large volume
of data in the database.

7. Configuration Testing: This tests the various s/w and h/w configuration. Configuration testing is the system testing of different variations of an integrated,black box application against its configurability requirements
The typical objective of configuration testing are to:-
Report these failures to the development teams so that the associated defects can be fixed.

8. Recovery Testing: Recovery testing is a system test that forces the s/w to fail in a variety of way and verifies that recovery is properly performed. If recovery requires human intervention, the mean time to repair is evaluated to determine whether it is within acceptable limits

TYPE OF TESTING

2010-08-19T14:32:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is unit testing?

ANSWER:Unit testing is a single modules testing, basically done by developer. This is a white box testing.

Q.2 What is alpha testing?

ANSWER:Testing of an application when development is nearing completion minor design changes may still be made as a result of such testing. Typically done by end user or other not by programmer or tester.

Q3: What is beta testing?

ANSWER:Testing when development and testing are essentially completed and find bugs and problems need to be found before find release. Typically done by end user or other not by programmer or tester.

Q.4 What is gamma testing?

ANSWER:A gamma testing is testing of s/w that has all the required features, but it did not go through all the in-house quality checks. Cynics tend to refer to s/w releases as "gamma testing".

Q.5 What is acceptance testing?

ANSWER: Acceptance testing is a final test action before deploying the software. The goal of acceptance testing is to verify that the s/w is ready and can be used by your end user to perform those functions and tasks for which the s/w was built.

Q.6 What is monkey testing?

ANSWER: Monkey testing refers broadly to any form of automated testings done randomly and without any "typical user" bias. Calling such tools monkeys derives from variation of this popular aphorism.

Q.7 What is black box testing?

ANSWER:
1:->In the black box testing the tester should not need to know the internal code and design.
2:->Tester should be must to know the legal input and expected output, but they do not need to know how the internal program works.

Q.8 What is white box testing?

ANSWER:Tester should be must to know the legal input and expected output and need to know how the internal program works.

INTERVIEW QUESTION OF TESTING WITH ANSWER

2010-08-19T13:49:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is testing?

ANSWER:Testing is process by which by can detected a bug an error in a program.

Q.2 What is software testing?

ANSWER:Software testing is the process of executing the software to determine whether it matches its specifications and executes in its intended environment.

Q.3 What is the difference between QA and QC?

ANSWER:
1:-Quality assurance makes sure you are doing the right things, the right way whereas quality control makes sure the re4sults of what you have done are what you expected.
2:-QA deals with process whereas QC deals with product.
3:-QA is a preventive process whereas QC is a corrective process.
4:-QA for entire life cycle whereas QC for testing part in SDLC.

Q.4 What is difference between verification and validation?

ANSWER:Verification is the process of confirming that software meets its specification whereas validation is the process of confirming that it meets the user's requirements.

Q.5 Software quality assurance ?

ANSWER:Software quality assurance is defined as a planned and systematic approach to the evaluation of the quality and adherence to software product standards process and procedure.

Q.6 What are the phase of SDLC?

ANSWER:
1:-Status quo->The phase,which represents the current state of affairs.
2:-Problem definition->During this phase the specific problem to bo solved is defined and analyzed.
3:-Technical developer->The phase solve the problem through the application of any technology.
4:-Solution integration->Delivers the result (e.g doccument,program,data,new product) to those who requested the solution in the first phase

Q.7 Why does s/w have bugs?

ANSWER:
1:-Miscommunication or no communication.
2:-Software complexity.
3:-Programming error.
4:-Changing requirements.
5:-Time pressures.
6:-Poorly documented code.
7:-Software development tools.

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS OF JSP WITH ANSWER

2010-08-19T12:56:00.000-07:00

Q.1 what is JSP? a technology ,a language or something else ?

ANSWER:JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a Java technology that helps software developers serve dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML.

Q.2 How to get session in Jsp other than session object?

ANSWER:
1->Url Rewritting
2->Cookies
3->Hidden Filed

Q.3 how to extends one jsp page to another jsp page with realtime example?

ANSWER:To test the one JSP to another JSP by using the djsp.we can
arrange the parameters one by one.this is short cut method
to arrange the one JSP to another JSP.

Q.4What are actions and directives in JSP

ANSWER: java server page contains three actions
1:-try
2:-catch
3:-through.
it contains two derivaties
1:-poly derivatives
2:-post derivatives.

Q.5What is the most needed for STRUTS ?

ANSWER:
"ActionServlet" to implement and establish the MVC
functionality.

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS OF CAKE PHP WITH ANSWER

2010-03-01T05:38:00.000-08:00

Q1. What is meant by MVC (MODEL-VIEW-CONTROLLER)?
ANSWER:
model view controller, it is a software architecture, used to isolates business logic from presentation logic. cakephp is

based on mvc pattern.

Q2. What are 3 important parts of MVC (MODEL-VIEW-CONTROLLER)?
ANSWER:
1. The Model represents the application data
2. The View renders a presentation of model data
3. The Controller handles and routes requests made by the client

Q3. What is features in cake php?
ANSWER:
list some of the features in Cake php

1. Compatible with versions 4 and 5 of PHP
2. MVC architecture
3. Built-in validations
4. Caching
5. scaffolding

Q4.what is the name of Cake's database configuration file?
ANSWER:
by default it is database.php.default, you can find it in /app/config/database.php.default
for connecting to database, it should be renamed to database.php

PHP INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

2009-12-17T22:48:00.000-08:00

Q.1 What's PHP
ANSWER:
The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is a programming language that allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically used for developing web based software applications.

Q.2 What is meant by PEAR in php?
ANSWER :
PEAR is the next revolution in PHP. This repository is bringing higher level programming to PHP. PEAR is a framework and distribution system for reusable PHP components. It eases installation by bringing an automated wizard, and packing the strength and experience of PHP users into a nicely organised OOP library. PEAR also provides a command-line interface that can be used to automatically install "packages"

Q.3 How can we repair a MySQL table?
ANSWER:
The syntex for repairing a mysql table is:
REPAIR TABLE tablename
REPAIR TABLE tablename QUICK
REPAIR TABLE tablename EXTENDED

This command will repair the table specified.
If QUICK is given, MySQL will do a repair of only the index tree.
If EXTENDED is given, it will create index row by row.

Q.4 What are the differences between require and include, include_once?
ANSWER 1:
require_once() and include_once() are both the functions to include and evaluate the specified file only once. If the specified file is included previous to the present call occurrence, it will not be done again.

But require() and include() will do it as many times they are asked to do.

ANSWER 2:
The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. The major difference between include() and require() is that in failure include() produces a warning message whereas require() produces a fatal errors.

Q.5 What are the differences between DROP a table and TRUNCATE a table?
ANSWER:
DROP TABLE table_name - This will delete the table and its data.
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name - This will delete the data of the table, but not the table definition.

Q.6 How can we register the variables into a session?
ANSWER:
session_register($session_var);

$_SESSION['var'] = 'value';

Q.7 How many error types in php?
ANSWER:
1:fatal
2:notice
3:warning
4:parse

Q.8 difference of move(), and copy() function in php?
ANSWER:
copy() function copy images for temp folder on server to
move other location. move() function cut images for temp
folder on server to move other location.

Q.9 What are the differences between mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_object(), mysql_fetch_row()?
ANSWER:
mysql_fetch_array() -> Fetch a result row as a combination of associative array and regular array.
mysql_fetch_object() -> Fetch a result row as an object.
mysql_fetch_row() -> Fetch a result set as a regular array().

Q.10 What is the difference between PHP4 and PHP5?
ANSWER:
PHP4 cannot support oops concepts and Zend engine 1 is used.
PHP5 supports oops concepts and Zend engine 2 is used.
Error supporting is increased in PHP5.
XML and SQLLite will is increased in PHP5.

JAVA INTERVIEW QUESTION WITH ANSWER

2009-12-17T12:14:00.000-08:00

Q.1 What is garbage collection? What is the process that is responsible for doing that in java?
ANSWER:
Reclaiming the unused memory by the invalid objects. Garbage collector is responsible for this process

Q.2 What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread?
ANSWER:
It is a daemon thread.

Q.3 What is a daemon thread?
ANSWER:
These are the threads which can run without user intervention. The JVM can exit when there are daemon thread by killing them abruptly.

Q.4 How will you invoke any external process in Java?
ANSWER:
Runtime.getRuntime().exec(….)

Q.5 What is the finalize method do?
ANSWER:
Before the invalid objects get garbage collected, the JVM give the user a chance to clean up some resources before it got garbage collected.

Q.6 What is mutable object and immutable object?
ANSWER:
If a object value is changeable then we can call it as Mutable object. (Ex., StringBuffer, …) If you are not allowed to change the value of an object, it is immutable object. (Ex., String, Integer, Float, …)

Q.7 What is the basic difference between string and stringbuffer object?
ANSWER:
String is an immutable object. StringBuffer is a mutable object.

Q.8 What is the purpose of Void class?
ANSWER:
The Void class is an uninstantiable placeholder class to hold a reference to the Class object representing the primitive Java type void.

Q.9 What is reflection?
ANSWER:
Reflection allows programmatic access to information about the fields, methods and constructors of loaded classes, and the use reflected fields, methods, and constructors to operate on their underlying counterparts on objects, within security restrictions.

Q.10 What is a package?
ANSWER:
To group set of classes into a single unit is known as packaging. Packages provides wide namespace ability.

Q.11 What are the approaches that you will follow for making a program very efficient?
ANSWER:
By avoiding too much of static methods avoiding the excessive and unnecessary use of synchronized methods Selection of related classes based on the application (meaning synchronized classes for multiuser and non-synchronized classes for single user) Usage of appropriate design patterns Using cache methodologies for remote invocations Avoiding creation of variables within a loop and lot more.

Q.12 What is a DatabaseMetaData?
ANSWER:
Comprehensive information about the database as a whole.

Q.13 What is Locale?
ANSWER:
A Locale object represents a specific geographical, political, or cultural region

Q.14 How will you load a specific locale?
ANSWER:
Using ResourceBundle.getBundle(…);

Q.15 What is JIT and its use?
ANSWER:
Really, just a very fast compiler… In this incarnation, pretty much a one-pass compiler — no offline computations. So you can’t look at the whole method, rank the expressions according to which ones are re-used the most, and then generate code. In theory terms, it’s an on-line problem.

Q.16 What is the final keyword denotes?
ANSWER:
final keyword denotes that it is the final implementation for that method or variable or class. You can’t override that method/variable/class any more.

PHP STRING

2009-12-17T11:26:00.000-08:00

Q.1 String Variables in PHP

String variables are used for values that contains characters.
we create a string we can manipulate it. A string can be used directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable.
Below, the PHP script assigns the text "Hello World" to a string variable called $txt:

The output of the code above will be:
Hello World

Q.2 The Concatenation Operator

There is only one string operator in PHP.
The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two string values together.
To concatenate two string variables together, use the concatenation operator:

The output of the code above will be:
Hello World! What a nice day!

Q.3 The strlen() function

The strlen() function is used to return the length of a string.
Let's find the length of a string:

The output of the code above will be:
12

Q.4 The strpos() function

The strpos() function is used to search for character within a string.
If a match is found, this function will return the position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.
Let's see if we can find the string "world" in our string:

The output of the code above will be:
6

Q.5 What is String?

A string is a data type used in programming, such as an integer and floating point unit, but is used to represent text rather than numbers. It is comprised of a set of characters that can also contain spaces and numbers. For example, the word "hamburger" and the phrase "I ate 3 hamburgers" are both strings. Even "12345" could be considered a string, if specified correctly. Typically, programmers must enclose strings in quotation marks for the data to recognized as a string and not a number or variable name.

For example, in the comparison:

if (Option1 == Option2) then ...

Option1 and Option2 may be variables containing integers, strings, or other data. If the values are the same, the test returns a value of true, otherwise the result is false. In the comparison:

if ("Option1" == "Option2") then ...

Option1 and Option2 are being treated as strings. Therefore the test is comparing the words "Option1" and "Option2," which would return false. The length of a string is often determined by using a null character.

2009-11-09T06:13:00.000-08:00

Q.1 What is pointer?

ANSWER: A pointer in a programming language is a variable that holds the address of another type. For instance, an "int pointer" is the address of the location in which an integer is stored. Pointers are more often used for dynamically allocated types, and much more often for complex types. A pointer (a 32-bit memory location) to store the address of a 32-bit integer is wasteful, but the address of a hashtable is useful.

Pointers do not officially (as a native type) show up in high level languages like C# and Java. In the days that C and C++ were popular, pointers were an essential part of programming.

Q.2 What is a Function Pointer?

ANSWER:

Function Pointers are pointers, i.e. variables, which point to the address of a function. You must keep in mind, that a running program gets a certain space in the main-memory. Both, the executable compiled program code and the used variables, are put inside this memory. Thus a function in the program code is, like e.g. a character field, nothing else than an address. It is only important how you, or better your compiler/processor, interpret the memory a pointer points to.

Q.3 How do I find out the number of parameters passed into function?

ANSWER:
- func_num_args() function returns the number of parameters passed in.

Q.4 What’s the output of the ucwords function in this example?

ANSWER:

$formatted = ucwords(" PHPUSE IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS");
print $formatted;

ucwords() makes every first letter of every word capital, but it does not lower-case anything else. To avoid this, and get a properly formatted string, it’s worth using strtolower() first.

C INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

2009-08-31T16:51:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is c language?

ANSWER:
The C programming language is a standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating system. It has since spread to many other operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming languages. C is prized for its efficiency, and is the most popular programming language for writing system software, though it is also used for writing applications.

Q.2 What are the different storage classes in C ?

ANSWER:
C has three types of storage: automatic, static and allocated.

Variable having block scope and without static specifier have automatic storage duration.

Variables with block scope, and with static specifier have static scope. Global variables (i.e, file scope) with or without the the static specifier also have static scope.

Memory obtained from calls to malloc(), alloc() or realloc() belongs to allocated storage class.

C++ INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

2009-08-31T16:40:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is C++?

ANSWER:
Released in 1985, C++ is an object-oriented programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup. C++ maintains almost all aspects of the C language, while simplifying memory management and adding several features - including a new datatype known as a class (you will learn more about these later) - to allow object-oriented programming. C++ maintains the features of C which allowed for low-level memory access but also gives the programmer new tools to simplify memory management.

C++ used for:

C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to create small programs or large applications. It can be used to make CGI scripts or console-only DOS programs. C++ allows you to create programs to do almost anything you need to do. The creator of C++, Bjarne Stroustrup, has put together a partial list of applications written in C++.

Q.2 How do you find out if a linked-list has an end? (i.e. the list is not a cycle)

ANSWER:
You can find out by using 2 pointers. One of them goes 2 nodes each time. The second one goes at 1 nodes each time. If there is a cycle, the one that goes 2 nodes each time will eventually meet the one that goes slower. If that is the case, then you will know the linked-list is a cycle.

Q.3 What is the difference between realloc() and free()?

ANSWER:
The free subroutine frees a block of memory previously allocated by the malloc subroutine. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer. If the Pointer parameter is a null value, no action will occur. The realloc subroutine changes the size of the block of memory pointed to by the Pointer parameter to the number of bytes specified by the Size parameter and returns a new pointer to the block. The pointer specified by the Pointer parameter must have been created with the malloc, calloc, or realloc subroutines and not been deallocated with the free or realloc subroutines. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer.

Q.4 What is function overloading and operator overloading?

ANSWER:
Function overloading: C++ enables several functions of the same name to be defined, as long as these functions have different sets of parameters (at least as far as their types are concerned). This capability is called function overloading. When an overloaded function is called, the C++ compiler selects the proper function by examining the number, types and order of the arguments in the call. Function overloading is commonly used to create several functions of the same name that perform similar tasks but on different data types.
Operator overloading allows existing C++ operators to be redefined so that they work on objects of user-defined classes. Overloaded operators are syntactic sugar for equivalent function calls. They form a pleasant facade that doesn't add anything fundamental to the language (but they can improve understandability and reduce maintenance costs).

Q.5 What is the difference between declaration and definition?

ANSWER:
The declaration tells the compiler that at some later point we plan to present the definition of this declaration.
E.g.: void stars () //function declaration
The definition contains the actual implementation.
E.g.: void stars () // declarator
{
for(int j=10; j > =0; j--) //function body
cout << *;
cout << endl; }

Q.6 What are the advantages of inheritance?

ANSWER:
It permits code reusability. Reusability saves time in program development. It encourages the reuse of proven and debugged high-quality software, thus reducing problem after a system becomes functional.

BLUETOOTH INTERVIEW QUESTIOS WITH ANSWERS

2009-08-31T16:30:00.000-07:00

Q.1 Why is Bluetooth 2.0 better?

ANSWER:
The main features of Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.0 + EDR are:
• 3 times faster transmission speed (up to 10 times in certain cases)
• Lower power consumption through reduced duty cycle
• Simplification of multi-link scenarios due to more available bandwidth
• Backwards compatible to earlier versions
• Further improved BER (Bit Error Rate) performance

Q.2 Name few applications of Bluetooth?

ANSWER:
* Wireless control of and communication between a cell phone and a hands free headset or car kit. This is the most popular use.
* Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required.
* Wireless communications with PC input devices such as mouses and keyboards and output devices such as printers.
* Transfer of files between devices via OBEX.
* Transfer of contact details, calendar appointments, and reminders between devices via OBEX.
* Replacement of traditional wired serial communications in test equipment, GPS receivers and medical equipment.
* For remote controls where infrared was traditionally used.
* Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth enabled advertising hoardings to other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices.
* Wireless control of a games console, Nintendo’s Wii and Sony’s PlayStation 3 will both use Bluetooth technology for their wireless controllers.
* Sending commands and software to the upcoming LEGO Mindstorms NXT instead of infra red.

Q.3 How many devices can communicate concurrently?

ANSWER:
A Bluetooth device playing the role of the “master” can communicate with up to 7 devices playing the role of the “slave”. This network of “group of up to 8 devices” (1 master + 7 slaves) is called a piconet. A piconet is an ad-hoc computer network of devices using Bluetooth technology protocols to allow one master device to interconnect with up to seven active slave devices (because a three-bit MAC address is used). Up to 255 further slave devices can be inactive, or parked, which the master device can bring into active status at any time.

Q.4 What is Pairing?

ANSWER:
Pairs of devices may establish a trusted relationship by learning (by user input) a shared secret known as a “passkey”. A device that wants to communicate only with a trusted device can cryptographically authenticate the identity of the other device. Trusted devices may also encrypt the data that they exchange over the air so that no one can listen in. The encryption can however be turned off and passkeys are stored on the device’s file system and not the Bluetooth chip itself. Since the Bluetooth address is permanent a pairing will be preserved even if the Bluetooth name is changed. Pairs can be deleted at any time by either device. Devices will generally require pairing or will prompt the owner before it allows a remote device to use any or most of its services. Some devices such as Sony Ericsson phones will usually accept OBEX business cards and notes without any pairing or prompts. Certain printers and access points will allow any device to use its services by default much like unsecured Wi-Fi networks.

Q.5 How secure a Bluetooth device is?

ANSWER:
Bluetooth uses the SAFER+ algorithm for authentication and key generation. The E0 stream cipher is used for encrypting packets. This makes eavesdropping on Bluetooth-enabled devices more difficult.

Q.6 What is Bluetooth SIG?

ANSWER:
Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
Bluetooth wireless technology is revolutionizing personal connectivity by providing freedom from wired connections. It is a specification for a small-form factor, low-cost radio solution providing links between mobile computers, mobile phones, other portable handheld devices and automobiles, as well as connectivity to the Internet. The Bluetooth SIG, comprised of leaders in the telecommunications, computing, automotive and consumer electronics industries, is driving development of the technology and bringing it to market. The Bluetooth SIG includes Promoter member companies Agere, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia and Toshiba, and thousands of Associate and Adopter member companies. The Bluetooth SIG, Inc. headquarters are located in Overland Park, Kansas, U.S.A.

WHAT IS FILE HANDLING FUNCTIONS

2009-08-30T14:27:00.000-07:00

WHAT IS FILE HANDLING FUNCTIONS

PHP file handling functions are used in different conditions in any script development. You can use them to create a simple file upload or image upload or gallery script for storing images and many more. These built in functions gives flexibility in developing complex scripts. We will discuss some of the PHP file handling functions with their detail uses and code samples.

Reading a file
We can read file in our server or external server by using fread function. We can create a
pointer to the file and read the content by specifying the size of data to be collected.

WHAT IS STRING FUNCTIONS

2009-08-30T14:18:00.000-07:00

PHP String Functions

ANSWER:
PHP is equally powerful than any other server side scripting languages in handling strings.We will experiment with some of the string functions of PHP with some examples. There are powerful functions like regular expressions to manage complex string handling requirements.

WHAT IS DATE FORMATE IN PHP

2009-08-30T14:04:00.000-07:00

Date Format in PHP for date month year and time

ANSWER:
Characters used for formating string in PHP date format
a 'am' or 'pm'
A 'AM' or 'PM'
B Internet time
d day of the month, 2 digits with leading zeros; i.e. '01' to '31'
D day of the week, textual, 3 letters; i.e. 'Fri'
F month, textual, long; i.e. 'January'
g hour, 12-hour format without leading zeros; i.e. '1' to '12'
G hour, 24-hour format without leading zeros; i.e. '0' to '23'
h hour, 12-hour format; i.e. '01' to '12'
H hour, 24-hour format; i.e. '00' to '23'
i minutes; i.e. '00' to '59'
I (capital i) '1' if Daylight Savings Time, '0' otherwise.
j day of the month without leading zeros; i.e. '1' to '31'
l (lowercase 'L') day of the week, textual, long; i.e. 'Friday'
L boolean for whether it is a leap year; i.e. '0' or '1'
m month; i.e. '01' to '12'
M month, textual, 3 letters; i.e. 'Jan'
n month without leading zeros; i.e. '1' to '12'
r RFC 822 formatted date; i.e. 'Thu, 21 Dec 2000 16:01:07 +0200' (added in PHP 4.0.4)
s seconds; i.e. '00' to '59'
S English ordinal suffix, textual, 2 characters; i.e. 'th', 'nd'
t number of days in the given month; i.e. '28' to '31'
T Timezone setting of this machine; i.e. 'MDT'
U seconds since the epoch
w day of the week, numeric, i.e. '0' (Sunday) to '6' (Saturday)
Y year, 4 digits; i.e. '1999'
y year, 2 digits; i.e. '99'
z day of the year; i.e. '0' to '365'
Z timezone offset in seconds (i.e. '-43200' to '43200'). The offset for timezones west of UTC is always negative, and for those east of UTC is always positive.

WHAT IS PHP DATE DIFFERENCE

2009-08-30T13:59:00.000-07:00

What is php date difference

ANSWER:
If you want to get the difference between to dates or time values, then you first need to get the values in the same format. The best way is to convert both dates into Unix timestamp format. In this case the date and time information is stored as an integer so we can calculate the difference easily. You can get the Unix timestamp in various ways as you can see below:

Code:

1.
2.
// Get current time
3.
$date1 = time();
4.

5.
// Get the timestamp of 2006 October 20
6.
$date2 = mktime(0,0,0,10,20,2006);
7.
?>

Now as you have the values getting the difference is quite easy. However the result will be an integer value, but you probably want to get it in days, hours and minutes. To do so we need to convert back our int value into a usable date format. We know that the difference is in seconds so we can get how many full days it is. To get it we use the following code:

Code:

1.
2.
$dateDiff = $date1 - $date2;
3.
$fullDays = floor($dateDiff/(60*60*24));
4.
echo "Differernce is $fullDays days";
5.
?>

We used the floor function as we want to get only the complete days. Besides this the 60*60*24 represents that a day has 24 ours and each hour has 60 minutes and each minute has 60 seconds.As next step we need to get how many hours are still present in the remaining seconds. So from the original difference we need to remove the complete days in seconds and from the remaining value we can calculate the full hours similar to as we calculated the full days. Repeating these steps for minutes as well at the end we get the difference between the original dates. The complete calculation looks like this:

Code:

1.
2.
$dateDiff = $date1 - $date2;
3.
$fullDays = floor($dateDiff/(60*60*24));
4.
$fullHours = floor(($dateDiff-($fullDays*60*60*24))/(60*60));
5.
$fullMinutes = floor(($dateDiff-($fullDays*60*60*24)-($fullHours*60*60))/60);
6.
echo "Differernce is $fullDays days, $fullHours hours and $fullMinutes minutes.";
7.
?>

SAP INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

2009-08-30T13:18:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is SAP?

ANSWER:
SAP is the name of the company founded in 1972 under the German name (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is the leading ERP (Enterprise Resource
Planning) software package.

Q.2 SAP Basics feature

* Configuration of the SAP modules
o Transaction SPRO - this is the main tree for all the configuration.
* Function Key
o F1 - Help
o F4 - Possible entries or matchcode for the field you are accessing
o F5 - Selection screen
o F7 - Previous screen
o F8 - Next screen
o F9 - Technical info
o CTRL+X - Cut
o CTRL+C - Copy
o CTRL+V - Paste
* Navigation
o /n Skip to the next record if you are processing one batch input session
o /bend Cancel a batch input foreground process
o /nend Close all R/3 sessions and logoff
o /nxxx x Call the transaction xxxx in the same session
o /o Generate a session list
o /oxxx x Call the transaction xxxx in an additional session
o /i Delete the current session
o /h Turn the debug mode on
o /$tab Reset all buffers (for System Administrators)
o /$syn c Synchronize instances buffers (for System Administrators)

In 4.x, you can have long SAP transaction code up to a maximum of 20 character

Q.3 Different types of ERP ?

ANSWER:
SAP, BAAN, JD Edwards, Oracle Financials, Siebel, PeopleSoft. Among all the ERP’s most of the companies implemented or trying to implement SAP because of number of
advantages aver other ERP packages.

Q.4 What is ERP?

ANSWER:
ERP is a package with the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as a whole, for effective use of management resources, to improve the
efficiency of an enterprise. Initially, ERP was targeted for manufacturing industry mainly for planning and managing core business like production and financial
market. As the growth and merits of ERP package ERP software is designed for basic process of a company from manufacturing to small shops with a target of integrating
information across the company.

Q.5 Why do you usually choose to implement SAP?

ANSWER:
There are number of technical reasons numbers of companies are planning to implement SAP. It’s highly configurable, highly secure data handling, min data redundancy,

max data consistency, you can capitalize on economics of sales like purchasing, tight integration-cross function.

ARRAY INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

2009-08-29T16:27:00.000-07:00

ARRAY
array() is a language construct used to represent literal arrays, and not a regular function.

Syntax "index => values", separated by commas, define index and values. index may be of type string or integer. When index is omitted, an integer index is automatically generated, starting at 0. If index is an integer, next generated index will be the biggest integer index + 1. Note that when two identical index are defined, the last overwrite the first.

Having a trailing comma after the last defined array entry, while unusual, is a valid syntax.

The following example demonstrates how to create a two-dimensional array, how to specify keys for associative arrays, and how to skip-and-continue numeric indices in normal arrays.

Example: array() example

$fruits = array (
"fruits" => array("a" => "orange", "b" => "banana", "c" => "apple"),
"numbers" => array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6),
"holes" => array("first", 5 => "second", "third")
);
?>

Example . Automatic index with array()

$array = array(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 8 => 1, 4 => 1, 19, 3 => 13);
print_r($array);
?>
The above example will output:

Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => 1
[2] => 1
[3] => 13
[4] => 1
[8] => 1
[9] => 19
)

Note that index '3' is defined twice, and keep its final value of 13. Index 4 is defined after index 8, and next generated index (value 19) is 9, since biggest index was 8.

This example creates a 1-based array.

Example 1-based index with array()

$firstquarter = array(1 => 'January', 'February', 'March');
print_r($firstquarter);
?>
The above example will output:

Array
(
[1] => January
[2] => February
[3] => March
)

As in Perl, you can access a value from the array inside double quotes. However, with PHP you'll need to enclose your array between curly braces.

Example . Accessing an array inside double quotes

$foo = array('bar' => 'baz');
echo "Hello {$foo['bar']}!"; // Hello baz!

?>

SQL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

2009-08-29T16:13:00.000-07:00

SQL

SQL is an English like language consisting of commands to store, retrieve, maintain & regulate access to your database.

SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus is an application that recognizes & executes SQL commands & specialized SQL*Plus commands that can customize reports, provide help & edit facility & maintain system variables.

NVL
NVL : Null value function converts a null value to a non-null value for the purpose of evaluating an expression. Numeric Functions accept numeric I/P & return numeric values. They are MOD, SQRT, ROUND, TRUNC & POWER.

Date Functions
Date Functions are ADD_MONTHS, LAST_DAY, NEXT_DAY, MONTHS_BETWEEN & SYSDATE.

Character Functions
Character Functions are INITCAP, UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTR & LENGTH. Additional functions are GREATEST & LEAST. Group Functions returns results based upon groups of rows rather than one result per row, use group functions. They are AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN & SUM.

TTITLE & BTITLE
TTITLE & BTITLE are commands to control report headings & footers.

COLUMN
COLUMN command define column headings & format data values.

BREAK
BREAK command clarify reports by suppressing repeated values, skipping lines & allowing for controlled break points.

COMPUTE
command control computations on subsets created by the BREAK command.

SET
SET command changes the system variables affecting the report environment.

SPOOL
SPOOL command creates a print file of the report.

JOIN
JOIN is the form of SELECT command that combines info from two or more tables.
Types of Joins are Simple (Equijoin & Non-Equijoin), Outer & Self join.
Equijoin returns rows from two or more tables joined together based upon a equality condition in the WHERE clause.
Non-Equijoin returns rows from two or more tables based upon a relationship other than the equality condition in the WHERE clause.
Outer Join combines two or more tables returning those rows from one table that have no direct match in the other table.
Self Join joins a table to itself as though it were two separate tables.

Union
Union is the product of two or more tables.

Intersect
Intersect is the product of two tables listing only the matching rows.

Minus
Minus is the product of two tables listing only the non-matching rows.

ORACLE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

2009-08-29T10:42:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What are the components of physical database structure of Oracle database?

ANSWER: Oracle database is comprised of three types of files. One or more datafiles, two are more redo log files, and one or more control files.

Q.2 What are the components of logical database structure of Oracle database?

ANSWER: There are tablespaces and database's schema objects.

Q.3 What is a tablespace?

ANSWER: A database is divided into Logical Storage Unit called tablespaces. A tablespace is used to grouped related logical structures together.

Q.4 What is SYSTEM tablespace and when is it created?

ANSWER: Every Oracle database contains a tablespace named SYSTEM, which is automatically created when the database is created. The SYSTEM tablespace always contains the data dictionary tables for the entire database.

Q.5 Explain the relationship among database, tablespace and data file ?

ANSWER: Each databases logically divided into one or more tablespaces one or more data files are explicitly created for each tablespace.

Q.6 What is schema?

ANSWER: A schema is collection of database objects of a user.

Q.7 What are Schema Objects?

ANSWER: Schema objects are the logical structures that directly refer to the database's data. Schema objects include tables, views, sequences, synonyms, indexes, clusters, database triggers, procedures, functions packages and database links.

CSS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

2009-08-29T10:23:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is CSS?

ANSWER:
1. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a simple styling language which allows attaching style to HTML elements. Every element type as well as every occurrence of a specific element within that type can be declared an unique style, e.g. margins, positioning, color or size.

2. CSS is a web standard that describes style for XML/HTML documents.

3. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents. This is also where information meets the artistic abilities of a web-designer. CSS helps you spice up your web-page and make it look neat in wide variety of aspects.

Q.2 What are Cascading Style Sheets?

ANSWER:
A Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is a list of statements (also known as rules) that can assign various rendering properties to HTML elements. Style rules can be specified for a single element occurrence, multiple elements, an entire document, or even multiple documents at once. It is possible to specify many different rules for an element in different locations using different methods. All these rules are collected and merged (known as a "cascading" of styles) when the document is rendered to form a single style rule for each element.

Q.3 If background and color should always be set together, why do they exist as separate properties?

ANSWER:
There are several reasons for this. First, style sheets become more legible -- both for humans and machines. The background property is already the most complex property in CSS1 and combining it with color would make it even more complex. Second, color inherits, but background doesn't and this would be a source of confusion.

Q.4 What is external Style Sheet? How to link?

ANSWER:
External Style Sheet is a template/document/file containing style information which can be linked with any number of HTML documents. This is a very convenient way of formatting the entire site as well as restyling it by editing just one file. The file is linked with HTML documents via the LINK element inside the HEAD element. Files containing style information must have extension .css, e.g. style.css.

Q.5 Is CSS case sensitive?

ANSWER:
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is not case sensitive. However, font families, URLs to images, and other direct references with the style sheet may be.
The trick is that if you write a document using an XML declaration and an XHTML doctype, then the CSS class names will be case sensitive for some browsers.

It is a good idea to avoid naming classes where the only difference is the case, for example:

div.myclass { ...}
div.myClass { ... }

If the DOCTYPE or XML declaration is ever removed from your pages, even by mistake, the last instance of the style will be used, regardless of case.

HTML INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

2009-08-29T08:07:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is HTML?

ANSWER: HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is a Universal language which allows an individual using special code to create web pages to be viewed on the Internet.

ANSWER:
HTML ( H yper T ext M arkup L anguage) is the language used to write Web pages. You are looking at a Web page right now.
You can view HTML pages in two ways:
* One view is their appearance on a Web browser, just like this page -- colors, different text sizes, graphics.
* The other view is called "HTML Code" -- this is the code that tells the browser what to do.

Q.2 What is a tag?

ANSWER:In HTML, a tag tells the browser what to do. When you write an HTML page, you enter tags for many reasons -- to change the appearance of text, to show a graphic, or to make a link to another page.

Q.3 How do I create frames? What is a frameset?

ANSWER:Frames allow an author to divide a browser window into multiple (rectangular) regions. Multiple documents can be displayed in a single window, each within its own frame. Graphical browsers allow these frames to be scrolled independently of each other, and links can update the document displayed in one frame without affecting the others.
You can't just "add frames" to an existing document. Rather, you must create a frameset document that defines a particular combination of frames, and then display your content documents inside those frames. The frameset document should also include alternative non-framed content in a NOFRAMES element.
The HTML 4 frames model has significant design flaws that cause usability problems for web users. Frames should be used only with great care.

Q.4 What is a DOCTYPE? Which one do I use?

ANSWER: According to HTML standards, each HTML document begins with a DOCTYPE declaration that specifies which version of HTML the document uses. Originally, the DOCTYPE declaration was used only by SGML-based tools like HTML validators, which needed to determine which version of HTML a document used (or claimed to use).
Today, many browsers use the document's DOCTYPE declaration to determine whether to use a stricter, more standards-oriented layout mode, or to use a "quirks" layout mode that attempts to emulate older, buggy browsers.

AJAX INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

2009-08-29T07:33:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What's AJAX ?

ANSWER:
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a newly coined term for two powerful browser

features that have been around for years, but were overlooked by many web developers until

recently when applications such as Gmail, Google Suggest, and Google Maps hit the streets.

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, or Ajax (pronounced "Aye-Jacks"), is a web development

technique for creating interactive web applications using a combination of XHTML (or HTML)

and CSS for marking up and styling information. (XML is commonly used, although any format

will work, including preformatted HTML, plain text, JSON and even EBML).
The Document Object Model manipulated through JavaScript to dynamically display and interact

with the information presented
The XMLHttpRequest object to exchange data asynchronously with the web server. In some Ajax

frameworks and in some situations, an IFrame object is used instead of the XMLHttpRequest

object to exchange data with the web server.
Like DHTML, LAMP, or SPA, Ajax is not a technology in itself, but a term that refers to the

use of a group of technologies together. In fact, derivative/composite technologies based

substantially upon Ajax, such as AFLAX, are already appearing.
Ajax applications are mostly executed on the user's computer; they can perform a number of

tasks without their performance being limited by the network. This permits the development

of interactive applications, in particular reactive and rich graphic user interfaces.
Ajax applications target a well-documented platform, implemented by all major browsers on

most existing platforms. While it is uncertain that this compatibility will resist the

advent of the next generations of browsers (in particular, Firefox), at the moment, Ajax

applications are effectively cross-platform.
While the Ajax platform is more restricted than the Java platform, current Ajax applications

effectively fill part of the one-time niche of Java applets: extending the browser with

portable, lightweight mini-applications.

Ajax isn’t a technology. It’s really several technologies, each flourishing in its own

right, coming together in powerful new ways. Ajax incorporates:
* standards-based presentation using XHTML and CSS;
* dynamic display and interaction using the Document Object Model;
* data interchange and manipulation using XML and XSLT; * asynchronous data retrieval using

XMLHttpRequest;
* and JavaScript binding everything together.

Q.2 Who’s Using Ajax ?

ANSWER:Google is making a huge investment in developing the Ajax approach. All of the major

products Google has introduced over the last year — Orkut, Gmail, the latest beta version of

Google Groups, Google Suggest, and Google Maps — are Ajax applications. (For more on the

technical nuts and bolts of these Ajax implementations, check out these excellent analyses

of Gmail, Google Suggest, and Google Maps.) Others are following suit: many of the features

that people love in Flickr depend on Ajax, and Amazon’s A9.com search engine applies similar

techniques.
These projects demonstrate that Ajax is not only technically sound, but also practical for

real-world applications. This isn’t another technology that only works in a laboratory. And

Ajax applications can be any size, from the very simple, single-function Google Suggest to

the very complex and sophisticated Google Maps.

At Adaptive Path, we’ve been doing our own work with Ajax over the last several months, and

we’re realizing we’ve only scratched the surface of the rich interaction and responsiveness

that Ajax applications can provide. Ajax is an important development for Web applications,

and its importance is only going to grow. And because there are so many developers out there

who already know how to use these technologies, we expect to see many more organizations

following Google’s lead in reaping the competitive advantage Ajax provides.
Moving Forward

The biggest challenges in creating Ajax applications are not technical. The core Ajax

technologies are mature, stable, and well understood. Instead, the challenges are for the

designers of these applications: to forget what we think we know about the limitations of

the Web, and begin to imagine a wider, richer range of possibilities

Q.3 Should I consider AJAX?

ANSWER:AJAX definitely has the buzz right now, but it might not be the right thing for you. AJAX is

limited to the latest browsers, exposes browser compatibility issues, and requires new

skill-sets for many. There is a good blog entry by Alex Bosworth on AJAX Mistakes which is a

good read before you jump full force into AJAX.
On the other hand you can achieve highly interactive rich web applications that are

responsive and appear really fast. While it is debatable as to whether an AJAX based

application is really faster, the user feels a sense of immediacy because they are given

active feedback while data is exchanged in the background. If you are an early adopter and

can handle the browser compatibility issues, and are willing to learn some more skills, then

AJAX is for you. It may be prudent to start off AJAX-ifying a small portion or component of

your application first. We all love technology, but just remember the purpose of AJAX is to

enhance your user's experience and not hinder it.

Q.4 Does AJAX work with Java?

ANSWER:Absolutely. Java is a great fit for AJAX! You can use Java Enterprise Edition servers to

generate AJAX client pages and to serve incoming AJAX requests, manage server side state for

AJAX clients, and connect AJAX clients to your enterprise resources. The JavaServer Faces

component model is a great fit for defining and using AJAX components.

JAVASCRIPT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

2009-08-28T12:37:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is JavaScript?

ANSWER: JavaScript is a general-purpose programming language designed to let programmers of all skill levels control the behavior of software objects. The language is used

most widely today in Web browsers whose software objects tend to represent a variety of HTML elements in a document and the document itself. But the language can

be--and is--used with other kinds of objects in other environments. For example, Adobe Acrobat Forms uses JavaScript as its underlying scripting language to glue

together objects that are unique to the forms generated by Adobe Acrobat. Therefore, it is important to distinguish JavaScript, the language, from the objects it can

communicate with in any particular environment. When used for Web documents, the scripts go directly inside the HTML documents and are downloaded to the browser with

the rest of the HTML tags and content.

ANSWER: JavaScript is a platform-independent,event-driven, interpreted client-side scripting and programming language developed by Netscape Communications Corp. and Sun

Microsystems.

Q.2 How is JavaScript different from Java?

ANSWER:JavaScript was developed by Brendan Eich of Netscape; Java was developed at Sun Microsystems. While the two languages share some common syntax, they were developed

independently of each other and for different audiences. Java is a full-fledged programming language tailored for network computing; it includes hundreds of its own

objects, including objects for creating user interfaces that appear in Java applets (in Web browsers) or standalone Java applications. In contrast, JavaScript relies

on whatever environment it's operating in for the user interface, such as a Web document's form elements.
JavaScript was initially called LiveScript at Netscape while it was under development. A licensing deal between Netscape and Sun at the last minute let Netscape plug

the "Java" name into the name of its scripting language. Programmers use entirely different tools for Java and JavaScript. It is also not uncommon for a programmer of

one language to be ignorant of the other. The two languages don't rely on each other and are intended for different purposes. In some ways, the "Java" name on

JavaScript has confused the world's understanding of the differences between the two. On the other hand, JavaScript is much easier to learn than Java and can offer a

gentle introduction for newcomers who want to graduate to Java and the kinds of applications you can develop with it.

Q.3 What’s relationship between JavaScript and ECMAScript?

ANSWER: ECMAScript is yet another name for JavaScript (other names include LiveScript). The current JavaScript that you see supported in browsers is ECMAScript revision 3.

Q.4 How do you submit a form using Javascript?

ANSWER: Use document.forms[0].submit();
(0 refers to the index of the form – if you have more than one form in a page, then the first one has the index 0, second has index 1 and so on).

DATABASE CONNECTION WITH PHP

2009-08-28T12:13:00.000-07:00

Opening a connection to MySQL database from PHP is easy. Just use the mysql_connect() function like this

$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass) or die ('Error connecting to mysql');

$dbname = 'petstore';
mysql_select_db($dbname);
?>

$dbhost is the name of MySQL server. When your webserver is on the same machine with the MySQL server you can use localhost or 127.0.0.1 as the value of $dbhost. The

$dbuser and $dbpass are valid MySQL user name and password. For adding a user to MySQL visit this page : MySQL Tutorial

Don't forget to select a database using mysql_select_db() after connecting to mysql. If no database selected your query to select or update a table will not work.

Sometimes a web host will require you to specify the MySQL server name and port number. For example if the MySQL server name is db.php-mysql-tutorial.com and the port

number is 3306 (the default port number for MySQL) then you you can modify the above code to :

$dbhost = 'db.php-mysql-tutorial.com:3306';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';

$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass) or die ('Error connecting to mysql');

$dbname = 'petstore';
mysql_select_db($dbname);
?>

It's a common practice to place the routine of opening a database connection in a separate file. Then everytime you want to open a connection just include the file.

Usually the host, user, password and database name are also separated in a configuration file.

An example of config.php that stores the connection configuration and opendb.php that opens the connection are :

Source code : config.phps , opendb.phps

// This is an example of config.php
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$dbname = 'phpcake';
?>

// This is an example opendb.php
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass) or die ('error connecting to mysql');
mysql_select_db($dbname);
?>

JOOMLA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

2009-08-25T04:51:00.000-07:00

Q.1 What is joomla in php?

ANSWER: Joomla is an open source content management system.

Q.2 What is zend engine?

ANSWER: Zend engine is used internally by php as a compiler and runtime engine...

Q.3 Joomla! Features:

ANSWER *
Completely database driven site engines
*
News, products or services sections fully editable and manageable
*
Topics sections can be added to by contributing authors
*
Fully customizable layouts including left, center and right menu boxes
*
Browser upload of images to your own library for use anywhere in the site
*
Dynamic Forum/Poll/Voting booth for on-the-spot results
*
Runs on Linux, FreeBSD, MacOSX server, Solaris and AIX

Q.4 What are some real world examples of what Joomla! can do?

ANSWER:
Joomla is used all over the world to power Web sites of all shapes and sizes. For example:

* Corporate Web sites or portals
* Corporate intranets and extranets
* Online magazines, newspapers, and publications
* E-commerce and online reservations
* Government applications
* Small business Web sites
* Non-profit and organizational Web sites
* Community-based portals
* School and church Web sites
* Personal or family homepages

COOKIES QUESTION OF PHP

2009-08-24T13:53:00.000-07:00

Q.1 How to set cookies?

ANSWER: setcookie(’variable’,'value’,'time’)
;
variable – name of the cookie variable
value – value of the cookie variable
time – expiry time
Example: setcookie(’Test’,$i,time()+3600);

Test – cookie variable name
$i – value of the variable ‘Test’
time()+3600 – denotes that the cookie will expire after an one hour

Q.2 How to reset/destroy a cookie

ANSWER: Reset a cookie by specifying expire time in the past:
Example: setcookie(’Test’,$i,time()-3600); // already expired time

Reset a cookie by specifying its name only
Example: setcookie(’Test’);

Q.3How can we destroy the cookie?

ANSWER: Set the cookie with a past expiration time.

Q.4 What Is a Persistent Cookie?

ANSWER: A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser’s computer. By default, cookies

are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser’s memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies

will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their

differences:

* Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information.
* Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information.
* Temporary cookies are safer because no programs other than the browser can access them.
*
* Persistent cookies are less secure because users can open cookie files see the cookie values.

SESSIONS QUESTIONS OF PHP

2009-08-24T13:39:00.000-07:00

Q.1 How does Database handle Sessions?

ANSWER: As you should be aware the HTTP protocol, as used for serving web pages, is completely stateless. This means that after the server has received a request, processed it and sent a response, the process which dealt with that request dies. Anything that the process had in its memory therefore dies with it, so when a subsequent request is received from the same client it is unable to refer to its memory about anything that happened previously. Fortunately PHP provides a standard method of maintaining memory (state) between ....!

Q.2How many ways can we get the value of current session id?

ANSWER: session_id() returns the session id for the current session.

Q.3 Definition of login session?

ANSWER: A Login Session describes the connection established by a user with a Login, until either the user or the system or service to which he connected terminates the connection.

Normally, a user must only provide Credentials for Authentication at the start of a Login Session. He is then authorized to use some or all of the services offered by the Host System to which he connected.

Q.4 What is session in php?

ANSWER: A php session is no different from a normal session.
It can be used to store information on the sever for future use......

PHP QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

2009-08-23T13:55:00.000-07:00

Q.1 How can we repair a MySQL table?

ANSWER: The syntex for repairing a mysql table is:

REPAIR TABLE tablename
REPAIR TABLE tablename QUICK
REPAIR TABLE tablename EXTENDED

This command will repair the table specified.
If QUICK is given, MySQL will do a repair of only the index tree.
If EXTENDED is given, it will create index row by row.

Q.2 What is the difference between $message and $$message?

ANSWER 1: $message is a simple variable whereas $message is a reference variable. Example:
$user = ‘bob’

is equivalent to

$holder = ‘user’;
$holder = ‘bob’;

ANSWER2:
They are both variables. But $message is a variable with a fixed name. $message is a variable who’s name is stored in

$message. For example, if $message contains “var”, $message is the same as $var.

Q.3 What’s the difference between md5(), crc32() and sha1() crypto on PHP?

ANSWER:The major difference is the length of the hash generated. CRC32 is, evidently, 32 bits, while sha1() returns a 128 bit value, and md5() returns a 160 bit value. This

is important when avoiding collisions.

Q.4 How can we find the number of rows in a result set using PHP?

ANSWER:Here is how can you find the number of rows in a result set in PHP:

$result = mysql_query($any_valid_sql, $database_link);
$num_rows = mysql_num_rows($result);
echo “$num_rows rows found”;

Q.5 How many ways we can we find the current date using MySQL?

ANSWER:SELECT CURDATE();
SELECT CURRENT_DATE();
SELECT CURTIME();
SELECT CURRENT_TIME();